GENOMICS AND BIOINFORMATICS (Ch-3) Class XII (Short Answer Questions- 2 Marks)

1. What is the IUPAC code for T or C? Write the complementary sequence of the following sequence:                                                 5′ – A T G A Y C G B T – 3′        
2. C.elegans is a eukaryotic organism with a genome of 97 Mb and about 20,000 genes. What organizational features of this genome are unusual when compared to the genomes of other eukaryotes, such as yeast and Drosophila?
3. Annotation of human genome sequence reveals that our genome contains 30000- 33000 genes. Proteomic  analysis indicates that human cells are capable of synthesizing more than 30,000 different proteins. How           can this discrepancy be reconciled?
4. Differentiate between structural and functional genomics.
5. The number of genes predicted by computational biology is different from the number of genes identified by experimental methods in a genome. Justify.
6. How can ‘Expression Proteomics” be useful in the identification of disease specific proteins.
7. What kind of analysis can be done using Bioinformatics tools for DNA and proteins?
8. How can a CML patient be identified by the FISH technique?
9. As a student of bioinformatics you want to produce a data set which can be compare easily and uniformily around the world. What features would you consider?
10. (a) Human population vary greatly in their susceptibility to diseases. Why?

(b)Which present day approach can assist physicians in predicting with confidence the risk of developing a disease.

1. Why is it useful to search a database to identify sequences that are homologous to a newly determined sequence?
2. Why is it useful to search a database to identify newly determined DNA sequence? Give two reasons.

             How can a CML patient be identified by the FISH technique?

1. What is the information coded by the following set – DEGWYVBZXR
2. (a) Human population vary greatly in their susceptibility to diseases. Why?

(b)Which present day approach can assist physicians in predicting with confidence the risk of developing a disease.

1. Given below is the table of genome size and gene numbers of the weed Arabidopsis thaliana and Homo sapiens:

Organism	No. of chromosomes	Genome size (bp)	Predicted genes
Arabidopsis	5	15,70,00,000	25,498
Homo sapiens	23	3,00,00,00,000	25,000

Derive two observations with explanation of the table.

1. In DNA sequence readouts occasionally a S symbol appears. What does this means?
2. What is the IUPAC code for A or G? write the complementary sequence of the following:-

5′ – GYTWASGA-3′