7nehajain WATER : SOLE ESSENCE OF LIFE

DAILY TIPS TO SAVE WATER

  1. Equip your taps with water saving devices.

An inexpensive plastic device is all that you need to limit the flow of water from your taps.

2.To thaw frozen foods, don’t run them under the tap for a minute (15 litres) or even soak them in a bowl of water (5-10 litres). Just remember to remove it from the freezer and leave inside the refrigerator overnight. (WATER SAVED – 10-15 LITRES)

3. A family of four will use approx. 10 litres to wash vegetables and fruits. After washing use this water to water plants/lawns. (WATER SAVED – upto10 LITRES)

4. Flushing garbage, cigratte butts other small bits of trash can use upto 15 litres of water per flush at least 6 litres with frugal flushing. So, don’t use your toilet as an ashtray. (WATER SAVED – 6-15 LITRES PER FLUSH)

5. After urination we waste upto 15 litres of water per flush which can be replaced by the use of mugs. (WATER SAVED – 6-15 LITRES PER FLUSH)

6. Take only that much amount of water that you can drink

7. If you are a non-vegetarian and cut down only 1/2 Kg of meat intake per week, you will save thousands of litres of water.

8. Run dishwasher and washing machine only when they are completely filled.

9. Use the grey water of RO and AC in other cleaning purposes.

10. To grow 1 Kg of wheat approximately 1000 litres of water is required and 1 Kg of rice needs 4000 litres of water. Thus don’t waste even a single grain of water.

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7nehajain Uncategorized

BIOTECHNOLOGY: SYLLABUS OF CLASS XII

Unit-V Protein and Gene Manipulation 

Chapter-1: Recombinant DNA Technology

Introduction, Tool of rDNA technology, Making rDNA, Introduction of recombinant DNA into host cells, Identification  of  Recombinants, Polymerase Chain Reaction  (PCR), Hybridization Techniques, DNA Library, DNA Sequencing, Site-directed Mutagenesis.

Chapter-2: Protein Structure and Engineering

Introduction to the world of proteins, 3-D shape of proteins, Structure-Function Relationship in Proteins, Purification  of  Proteins,  Characterization  of  Proteins,  Protein  Based  Products, Designing Proteins (Protein Engineering).

Chapter-3: Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics

Introduction, Genome, Sequencing Projects, Gene prediction and counting, Genome  Similarity, SNPs and Comparative Genomics, Functional Genomics, Proteomics, History of Bioinformatics, Sequences and nomenclature, Information Sources, Analysis using Bioinformatics tools.

Unit-VI Cell Culture and Genetic Manipulation (30 Marks, 80 Periods)

Chapter-1: Microbial Cell Culture and Its Applications

Introduction, Microbial Nutrition and Culture Techniques, Measurement and Kinetics of Microbial Growth,   Scale-up   of  Microbial   Process,  Isolation   of   Microbial   Products,  Strain   Isolation  and Improvement, Applications of Microbial Culture Technology, Biosafety Issues in Microbial Technology.

Chapter-2: Plant Cell Culture and Applications

Introduction,  Cell  and  Tissue  Culture  Techniques,  Applications  of  Cell  and  Tissue  Culture,  Gene Transfer Methods in Plants, Transgenic Plants with Beneficial Traits, Biosafety of Transgenic Plants.

Chapter-3: Animal Cell Culture and Applications

Introduction, Animal Cell Culture Techniques, Characterization of Cell lines, Methods of Gene Delivery into Cells, Scale-up of Animal Culture Process, Applications of Animal Cell Culture, Stem Cell Technology, Tissue Engineering.

Practicals (30 Marks)

Note: Every student will be required to do the following experiments during the academic session.

List of Experiments

1. Use of special equipment in biotechnology experiments.

2. Isolation of bacterial plasmid DNA

3. Detection of DNA by gel electrophoreses

4. Isoloation of Genomic DNA (CTAB method)

5. Estimation of DNA

6. Bacterial transformation using any plasmid

7. Restriction digestion of plasmid DNA & its analysis by gel electrophoreses

8. Isolation of bacterial grom curd & staining of bacteria

9. Cell viability assay

10. Data retreival and data base search using internet site NCBI and download a DNA and protein sequence from internet, analyse it and comment on it

11. Reading of a DNA sequencing gel to arrive at the sequence

12. Project work

Scheme of Evaluation (Practicals):

Time 3 Hours | Maximum marks 30

ATwo experiments6+6 (only one computer based practical)
Practical record04
Viva on Practicals04
BProject work
Write up05
Viva on project05
Total30